{"id":820,"date":"2017-02-25T01:21:56","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T23:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/blog\/?p=820"},"modified":"2019-10-06T16:07:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-06T13:07:43","slug":"kopuz-nedir-what-is-kopuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/kopuz-nedir-what-is-kopuz\/","title":{"rendered":"Kopuz Nedir? \/ What is Kopuz?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(English below)<\/p>\n<p>Merhum Mahmut R. Gazimihal&#8217;in, \u00dclkelerde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.tr\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=3&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj4gvq036nSAhWJ8RQKHVw7DKIQFggoMAI&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.turuz.com%2FMusic%2F2011%2F010-Ulkelerde_qopuz_ve_tezeneli_sazlarimiz_-(mahmud_qazmihal)(12.196KB).pdf&amp;usg=AFQjCNHBGu0eU-xwzgh_V6tFYLF8F7L19Q&amp;bvm=bv.148073327,d.d24\"><em>Kopuz ve Tezeneli Sazlar\u0131m\u0131z<\/em><\/a> (K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2. Bask\u0131 2001) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bu konuda hala en \u00f6nemli kaynak. Kopuzun tarih\u00e7esini merak edenler buraya bakabilir. Ben &#8220;g\u00fcncel&#8221; kopuzdan bahsedece\u011fim.<\/p>\n<p>1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda &#8220;E\u015fk\u0131ya&#8221; filmini sinemada seyretmi\u015ftim. \u0130lk sahnesinde kamera birden baraj sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fckselirken Erkan O\u011fur&#8217;un perdesiz gitar\u0131 girer. Filmde o anda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. M\u00fczik filmin \u00fcst\u00fcnde idi ve o filmin o kadar be\u011fenilmesinde m\u00fczi\u011fin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u00a0 Neyse, bir s\u00fcre sonra film m\u00fczikleri alb\u00fcm olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve o g\u00fcn hayat\u0131m\u0131za kopuz da girdi. Alb\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda Erkan O\u011fur &#8220;unutulmu\u015f saz\u0131m\u0131z kopuzun hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 dile\u011fiyle&#8221; yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra 99&#8217;da G\u00fcl\u00fcn Kokusu Vard\u0131 alb\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kapa\u011f\u0131nda, bir rivayete g\u00f6re 100 y\u0131ldan ya\u015fl\u0131 kopuzu g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n<p>Ama sonralar\u0131\u00a0 konserlere gidip geldik\u00e7e Erkan abinin elinde bildi\u011fimiz tanburan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yahut cura divan\u0131 gibi sazlar yahut balta tekne gibi sazlar, dede saz\u0131 denilebilecek sazlar ve bir s\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 telli de g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u011flama ailesi \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle tekne boyuna g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 38-42 cm teknesi olanlara tanbura denir mesela. Bunlar yayg\u0131n olarak uzun sapl\u0131-k\u0131sa sapl\u0131 diye kullan\u0131lan sazlar. Gazimihail&#8217;e bakarsak (s. 105 vd.) tekne boyu 30 civar\u0131nda olanlara ba\u011flama deniyor.<\/p>\n<p>Burada \u00e7ok ilgili de\u011fil ama ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fey var.\u00a0 Gazimihail, \u015eemsi Yast\u0131man ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, Yast\u0131man diyor ki &#8220;<em>armud\u00ee teknenin derinlik, uzunluk ve en geni\u015flik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir sabit nispet yoktur. Ancak, armudi saz y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7epe\u00e7evre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ile tellerin dip raptiyesinden burgulu\u011fa girerken ki \u00fcst e\u015fi\u011fe kadar\u0131 e\u015fit olur. Yani, sap\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu g\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011funa nisbetle sabittir. Dipteki alt e\u015fik denilen rabtiyeden sap\u0131n eklendi\u011fi noktaya kadar ka\u00e7 santim ise, sap\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn bir misli fazlas\u0131na 13 santim daha kat\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131r. Mesela, esas \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc 40 santim ise, bu 40a bir 40daha ve bir de 13 kat\u0131l\u0131 olarak tam boy 93 santim olur: 40+40+ l3=93. Bir ba\u015fka boyda : g\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011fu 20 sm ise, genel uzunluk 20+20+13=53 sm olur. (Burguluk hesap d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131r)&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Enteresan de\u011fil mi?<em> &#8220;armud\u00ee teknenin derinlik, uzunluk ve en geni\u015flik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir sabit nispet yoktur.&#8221;<\/em> demek, kafaya g\u00f6re yap\u0131yoruz demektir ki biz bug\u00fcn de bu gelene\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr!!<\/p>\n<p>Sazlar\u0131m\u0131z bazen de \u015fekline g\u00f6re ad al\u0131yor; mesela balta tekne. Bazen \u00e7alana g\u00f6re mesela Dede saz\u0131. Neyse, bunlar ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu ama kapt\u0131rd\u0131m birden. Bizim bug\u00fcn k\u0131sa sapl\u0131 ba\u011flama dedi\u011fimiz ve yayg\u0131n olarak 38-42 tekne aras\u0131 ve 68-72 cm tel boylu (tel boyu g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsteki k\u00f6pr\u00fc e\u015fik ile burgu taraf\u0131ndaki e\u015fik aras\u0131d\u0131r.) sazlar, evvelden 32-36 tekne uzun sapl\u0131 ba\u011flamalar idi. (Verdi\u011fim \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler elbette yakla\u015f\u0131k. Yoksa b\u00f6yle bir standart filan yok.) K\u0131sa sapta tekne b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, sap k\u0131sald\u0131 tel boyu ayn\u0131 kald\u0131. Hah i\u015fe Erkan abinin kopuz dedi\u011fi sazlar asl\u0131nda hemen her zaman 32-35\u00a0 tekne civarlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 telli ba\u011flamalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kopuz kelimesi, bilinmekle birlikte spesifik olarak belli bir enstr\u00fcman i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamamakta idi. Belki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_9Fb2ygsREM\">Ramazan G\u00fcng\u00f6r<\/a>&#8216;\u00fcn kendi \u00fc\u00e7 telli curalar\u0131na kopuz demesi hari\u00e7. Ama onun da bu ad\u0131 sonradan duyup \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi ve kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sava\u015f Ekici&#8217;den \u00f6\u011freniyoruz (Sava\u015f Ekici, <a href=\"https:\/\/ia600204.us.archive.org\/30\/items\/RamazanGungor\/Ramazan%20Gu\u0308ngo\u0308r.pdf\">Ramazan G\u00fcng\u00f6r ve \u00dc\u00e7 Telli Kopuzu<\/a>, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1993)<\/p>\n<p>Yani asl\u0131nda Erkan O\u011fur kopuz diyene kadar bu saza kimse kopuz demiyordu. Bu saza derken hangi saza sorusuna da cevap vermek laz\u0131m. Erkan O\u011fur&#8217;un dedi\u011fi neye g\u00f6re kopuz? Bir kere tekne tipine g\u00f6re de\u011fil. \u00c7e\u015fit t\u00fcrl\u00fc olabiliyor. Tekne boyu? Evet k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc genellikle 32-33 aras\u0131 tekne boyu var. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tekne olmaz m\u0131? Olur ama baz\u0131 pozisyonlar\u0131 basmak, saz b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e -e\u011fer Paganini parmaklar\u0131n\u0131z yoksa- imkans\u0131z hale gelir. Tel say\u0131s\u0131? Evet, 3 telli. Oyma ya da yaprak tekne? \u0130kisi de olur.<\/p>\n<p>Ama bana g\u00f6re kriter asl\u0131nda akort ve \u00e7alma bi\u00e7imi. Erkan abin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 akort da \u00e7alma bi\u00e7imi de gelenekte yok. Yeri gelmi\u015fken bir ara s\u0131r gibi herkesin birbirine sordu\u011fu kopuz akordunu yazay\u0131m: Alttan \u00fcste re, la, do. Yazar yazmaz problem \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n de\u011fil mi!<\/p>\n<p>Birisi mesaj at\u0131yor diyor ki:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Abi bir kopuz istiyorum, \u00f6yle ses \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n ki sap\u0131na b\u00fclb\u00fcl konsun! <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Tamam, peki hangi sese \u00e7ekeceksin? <\/em><\/li>\n<li>LA!<\/li>\n<li><em>Hangi LA?? Piyanoya g\u00f6re LA m\u0131? <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>La i\u015fte, bildi\u011fin LA!<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ah ahhh&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bizim m\u00fczi\u011fimizde, elindeki saz\u0131 hangi frekansa \u00e7ekersen \u00e7ek, LA kabul edip \u00e7alarlar. Bunu bilmeyenler de LA deyince neyi kastediyor bilemezsin. Kopuz akordu re, la, do deyince bunu aral\u0131k olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Mesela DO karar \u00e7al\u0131yorsan o zaman Fa, Do, Mib olur. Si karar istersen Mi, Si, Re olur gibi\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Bu akort gelenekte yok dedik. T\u0131rnakla \u00e7alma da benim bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131 ile gelenekte yok. Hatta arpej hi\u00e7 yok. Erkan abi, gitardaki arpej tekni\u011fini burada kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Diyelim ki kopuz \u00e7almak istiyorsunuz. Maddi durum iyi de\u011fil. Bir k\u0131sa sapl\u0131 saz\u0131n\u0131z var. S\u00f6k\u00fcn telleri. Alta 0,18 (veya 0,20), ortaya 0,22 (veya 0,25) ve \u00fcste de 0,20 (veya 0,22) tak\u0131n; mi, si, re diye akortlay\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Ya da kopuz alay\u0131m diyorsunuz, yapt\u0131rmak istedi\u011finiz saz \u00e7ok pahal\u0131. 32-34 tekne ve tel boyu 62-70) aras\u0131 bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011flama al\u0131n. Ayn\u0131 dedi\u011fim gibi \u00fc\u00e7 tel takarak \u00e7al\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Neden iki alternatif tel kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazd\u0131m? Daha ince olanlar ile biraz da dik seslere \u00e7ekebilirsiniz. Veya elinizin ve\/veya kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve elinizdeki saz\u0131n tonu itibariyle biri size daha iyi gelebilir. Tel, biraz deneme yan\u0131lma meselesidir.<\/p>\n<p>O vakit kopuz deyince spesifik bir tekne formu, tel boyu, tekne boyu yok. Saz\u0131n kendisi geleneksel olarak vard\u0131 ama akort ve \u00e7alma bi\u00e7imi Erkan O\u011fur&#8217;undur. Teorik olarak her ba\u011flama, kopuz gibi \u00e7al\u0131nabilir. Boy b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e \u00e7almak zorla\u015f\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00fcphesiz her form ve boyda ton da farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>****<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is Kopuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wzASH2qkP9c\">Kopuz<\/a>, means instrument. It&#8217;s an old Turkish word coming from middle Asia. If you search online, you&#8217;ll see some different kinds of instruments called kopuz. But for some twenty years, when you say kopuz, most people would think of Erkan O\u011fur.<\/p>\n<p>It was after 1996, the movie E\u015fk\u0131ya (Bandit) released. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erkan_O\u011fur\">Erkan O\u011fur<\/a> composed the musics and played (what he called) &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UZ_esgfFScM\">kopuz<\/a>&#8221; there. It was something new but sounding quite traditional as well. The word &#8220;kopuz&#8221; was known then of course but it was almost impossible to find anybody calling his\/her instrument kopuz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_9Fb2ygsREM\">Ramazan G\u00fcng\u00f6r<\/a>, a local master of cura from Fethiye may have been an exception to this since he called his three stringed cura as kopuz. But again we know from a study that he learned &#8220;kopuz&#8221; later sometime and started to use it. Normally no one at that region referred to their instruments as a kopuz, they would probably say cura.<\/p>\n<p>In ba\u011flama family, you can hear lots of different names. There are almost no standarts as there is for guitar but you can find some common sizes. Mostly, they take names by size or the body length. For instance a 38-40cm body ba\u011flama is called tanbura. Or they take name by the shape of the body: Balta (axe) ba\u011flama. Or they take name by players: Dede Saz\u0131 (dede is literally grandfather but here it is for a mystic figure in Alevi tradition). Or by region\u2026<\/p>\n<p>If we stick with this approach, we could name Erkan&#8217;s kopuz, only as Ba\u011flama or dede saz\u0131, or balta saz. Confusing ha?! The thing is these instruments took the name kopuz, after Erkan O\u011fur. So his kopuzs are various sizes and shapes. But they all have these in common: Three strings, tuning which is not existing in tradition, and playing style which he uses his fingernails and arpeggios as in guitar. His kopuzs are not bigger than a body of 36cm and scale length of 72 (all measurements here are approximate) since it would be very difficult to play some positions if it was bigger than that.<\/p>\n<p>In short, the instrument itself is traditional but the tuning and the playing technique is Erkan O\u011fur&#8217;s invention.<\/p>\n<p>I mentioned the tuning above. It&#8217;s up to your instruments size and the string gauge but as referance intervals from bottom to up RE, LA, DO. La, is the tonic sound. Transposition is either impossible or very limited with traditional turkish instruments opposite to a guitar or piano for instance. So we need to change the instrument to play on a different key.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say you want to play or try a kopuz but it&#8217;s expensive, or hard to find or you don&#8217;t know if it suits your demands. Find a short necked ba\u011flama which is much easier to find one; if you already have one than Bingo! Take out those unneccessary strings and string it up like this: The very first one 0,20 middle 0,25 and up 0,22. These are milimeters. So if you want to use acoustic guitar strings use 0,008 for first, 0,0010 middle and 0,008 for up. Tune it like mi, si, re. Si is your tonic sound. And you&#8217;re good to go!<\/p>\n<p>Any questions?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(English below) Merhum Mahmut R. Gazimihal&#8217;in, \u00dclkelerde Kopuz ve Tezeneli Sazlar\u0131m\u0131z (K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2. Bask\u0131 2001) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bu konuda hala en \u00f6nemli kaynak. Kopuzun tarih\u00e7esini merak edenler buraya bakabilir. Ben &#8220;g\u00fcncel&#8221; kopuzdan bahsedece\u011fim. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda &#8220;E\u015fk\u0131ya&#8221; filmini sinemada seyretmi\u015ftim. \u0130lk sahnesinde kamera birden baraj sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fckselirken Erkan O\u011fur&#8217;un perdesiz gitar\u0131 girer. Filmde o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1000002,"featured_media":897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-roportaj-ve-yazi","category-calgi-yapim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1000002"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engintopuzkanamis.com\/atolyede\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}